Energy-adjusted glycemic load2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quartile 1 (< 119) | Quartile 2 (119 – 157) | Quartile 3 (157 – 204) | Quartile 4 (≥ 204) | P value 3 | |
Glycemic load intake4 | |||||
Men | 95 | 138 | 177 | 244 | |
Women | 96 | 139 | 177 | 245 | |
Sex [n (%)] | <0.001 | ||||
Men | 659 (14.6) | 688 (14.6) | 714 (13.6) | 986 (15.3) | |
Women | 443 (10.4) | 458 (10.5) | 506 (11.3) | 557 (9.8) | |
Race/ethnicity [n (%)] | <0.001 | ||||
Non-Hispanic white | 621 (49.6) | 634 (50.6) | 597 (47.6) | 481 (38.4) | |
Non-Hispanic black | 411 (32.8) | 312 (24.9) | 288 (23) | 288 (23) | |
Mexican American | 179 (14.3) | 264 (21.1) | 331 (26.4) | 442 (35.3) | |
Other | 42 (3.4) | 43 (3.4) | 37 (3.0) | 41 (3.3) | |
Smokers [n (%)] | 725 (57.9) | 672 (53.6) | 663 (52.9) | 741 (59.2) | <0.001 |
Prescription medication users [n (%)] | 429 (34.2) | 436 (34.8) | 435 (34.7) | 398 (31.8) | <0.001 |
Vitamin/mineral supplement users [n (%)] | 449 (35.8) | 426 (34.0) | 462 (36.9) | 402 (32.1) | <0.001 |
Age5 (y) | 45.8 ± 0.5a | 46.4 ± 0.5a | 46.3 ± 0.5a | 43.3 ± 0.5b | <0.001 |
Body mass index5 (kg/m 2) | 26.6 ± 0.2a | 26.4 ± 0.1a,b | 26.4 ± 0.2a,b | 25.9 ± 0.1b | 0.013 |
Alcohol intake5 (drinks/mo) | 13 ± 0.8a | 12 ± 0.6a,b | 10 ± 0.5b | 12 ± 0.7a,b | 0.007 |
Dietary intakes6 | |||||
Total energy (kcal/d) | 2290 ± 35a,b | 2224 ± 3a | 2229 ± 30a | 2378 ± 33b | 0.002 |
Fat (g/d) | 92 ± 1.8a | 86 ± 1.5 a, b | 85 ± 1.4 b, c | 89 ± 1.6c | <0.001 |
Protein (g/d) | 88 ± 1.5a | 83 ± 1.3a,b | 84 ± 1.3a,b | 88 ± 1.4b | <0.005 |
Carbohydrate (g/d) | 254 ± 4.0a | 258 ± 3.5a | 269 ± 3.6a | 295 ± 4.2b | <0.001 |
Fiber (g/1000 kca/) | 7.7 ± 0.1 | 7.8 ± 0.1 | 8.1 ± 0.1 | 7.7 ± 0.1 | 0.077 |