Table 2 The pathophysiological effects of laraparoscopy on cardiac patients
From: Anesthetic challenges of patients with cardiac comorbidities undergoing major urologic surgery
Pathophysiologic effect | Clinical impact | Patients in risk |
|---|---|---|
Tachycardia | ↑ likelihood for myocardial ischemia/infarction, decompensation of arrhythmias, severe heart failure | Preexisting coronary artery disease |
↑ Afterload | ||
↓ Preload | ↓stroke volume, ↓ cardiac output, ↑ likelihood for decompensation of preexisting heart failure and coronary artery disease | Preexisting chronic heart failure |
↓ Venous return | ||
Preexisting chronic preoperative arrhythmia |