Baker LC, Baker LS: Excess cost of emergency department visits for nonurgent care.
Health Aff 1994,13(5):162–171. 10.1377/hlthaff.13.5.162
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Doobinin KA, Heidt-Davis PE, Gross TK, Isaacman DJ: Nonurgent pediatric emergency department visits: care-seeking behavior and parental knowledge of insurance.
Pediatr Emerg Care 2003,19(1):10–14. 10.1097/00006565-200302000-00003
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee TJ, Baraff LJ, Guzy J, Johnson D, Woo H: Does telephone triage delay significant medical treatment?: advice nurse service vs on-call pediatricians.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003,157(7):635. 10.1001/archpedi.157.7.635
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kalemoglu M, Keskin O, Demirbas S, Ozisik T: Non-urgent patients in an emergency medical service.
Rev Med Chil 2004, 132:1085–1090.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carter AJE, Chochinov AH: A systematic review of the impact of nurse practitioners on cost, quality of care, satisfaction and wait times in the emergency department.
CJEM 2007,9(4):286.
PubMed
Google Scholar
FitzGerald G, Jelinek GA, Scott D, Gerdtz MF: Emergency department triage revisited.
Emerg Med J 2010,27(2):86–92. 10.1136/emj.2009.077081
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Robertson-Steel I: Evolution of triage systems.
Emerg Med J 2006,23(2):154–155. 10.1136/emj.2005.030270
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yoon P, Steiner I, Reinhardt G: Analysis of factors influencing length of stay in the emergency department.
CJEM 2003,5(3):155.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chan TC, Killeen JP, Kelly D, Guss DA: Impact of rapid entry and accelerated care at triage on reducing emergency department patient wait times, lengths of stay, and rate of left without being seen.
Ann Emerg Med 2005,46(6):491. 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.06.013
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liew D, Kennedy MP: Emergency department length of stay independently predicts excess inpatient length of stay.
Med J Aust 2003,179(10):524–527.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Qureshi N: Triage systems: a review of the literature with reference to Saudi Arabia.
EMHJ 2010,16(6):690–698.
CAS
Google Scholar
Rehmani R: Emergency Section and overcrowding in a University hospital of Karachi, Pakistan.
Emergency 2004,54(5):233–237.
CAS
Google Scholar
Khan A, Zafar H, Naeem SN, Raza SA: Transfer delay and in-hospital mortality of trauma patients in Pakistan.
Int J Surg 2010,8(2):155–158. 10.1016/j.ijsu.2009.10.012
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pappas G, Queen S, Hadden W, Fisher G: The increasing disparity in mortality between socioeconomic groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986.
N Engl J Med 1993,329(2):103–109. 10.1056/NEJM199307083290207
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Salomaa V, Niemelä M, Miettinen H, Ketonen M, Immonen-Räihä P, Koskinen S, Mähönen M, Lehto S, Vuorenmaa T, Palomäki P, Mustaniemi H, Kaarsalo E, Arstila M, Torppa J, Kuulasmaa K, Puska P, Pyörälä K, Tuomilehto J: Relationship of Socioeconomic Status to the Incidence and Prehospital, 28-Day, and 1-Year Mortality Rates of Acute Coronary Events in the FINMONICA Myocardial Infarction Register Study.
Circulation 2000,101(16):1913–1918. 10.1161/01.CIR.101.16.1913
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Adler NE, Ostrove JM: Socioeconomic status and health: what we know and what we don’t.
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999,896(1):3–15. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08101.x
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nicholl J, West J, Goodacre S, Turner J: The relationship between distance to hospital and patient mortality in emergencies: an observational study.
Emerg Med J 2007,24(9):665–668. 10.1136/emj.2007.047654
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Channa R, Jaffrani H, Khan A, Hasan T, Razzak J: Transport time to trauma facilities in Karachi: an exploratory study.
Int J Emerg Med 2008,1(3):201–204. 10.1007/s12245-008-0051-1
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Razzak JA, Cone DC, Rehmani R: Emergency medical services and cultural determinants of an emergency in Karachi, Pakistan.
Prehosp Emerg Care 2001,5(3):312–316. 10.1080/10903120190939896
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sun BC, Burstin HR, Brennan TA: Predictors and outcomes of frequent emergency department users.
Acad Emerg Med 2003,10(4):320–328. 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2003.tb01344.x
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Andrén KG, Rosenqvist U: Heavy users of an emergency department: Psycho-social and medical characteristics, other health care contacts and the effect of a hospital social worker intervention.
Soc Sci Med 1985,21(7):761–770. 10.1016/0277-9536(85)90124-8
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mandelberg JH, Kuhn RE, Kohn MA: Epidemiologic analysis of an urban, public emergency department’s frequent users.
Acad Emerg Med 2000,7(6):637–646. 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2000.tb02037.x
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Talati JJ, Pappas G: Migration, medical education, and health care: a view from Pakistan.
Acad Med 2006,81(12):S55-S62. doi:10.1097/1001.ACM.0000243543.0000299794.0000243507
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Petersen LA, Burstin HR, O’Neil AC, Orav EJ, Brennan TA: Nonurgent emergency department visits: the effect of having a regular doctor.
Med Care 1998,36(8):1249–1255. 10.1097/00005650-199808000-00012
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baker Dw SCDBRH: REgular source of ambulatory care and medical care utilization by patients presenting to a public hospital emergency department.
JAMA 1994,271(24):1909–1912. 10.1001/jama.1994.03510480033030
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Steinbrook R: The role of the emergency department.
N Engl J Med 1996,334(10):657–658. 10.1056/NEJM199603073341010
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sarver JH, Cydulka RK, Baker DW: Usual source of care and nonurgent emergency department use.
Acad Emerg Med 2002,9(9):916–923. 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2002.tb02193.x
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sempere-Selva T, Peiró S, Sendra-Pina P, Martínez-Espín C, López-Aguilera I: Inappropriate use of an accident and emergency department: magnitude, associated factors, and reasons–an approach with explicit criteria.
Ann Emerg Med 2001,37(6):568–579. 10.1067/mem.2001.113464
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
O’Brien GM, Shapiro MJ, Fagan MJ, Woolard RW, O’Sullivan PS, Stein MD: Do internists and emergency physicians agree on the appropriateness of emergency department visits?
J Gen Intern Med 1997,12(3):188–191. 10.1007/s11606-006-5028-2
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gill JM, Reese CL, Diamond JJ: Disagreement among health care professionals about the urgent care needs of emergency department patients.
Ann Emerg Med 1996,28(5):474–479. 10.1016/S0196-0644(96)70108-7
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shesser R, Kirsch T, Smith J, Hirsch R: An analysis of emergency department use by patients with minor illness.
Ann Emerg Med 1991,20(7):743–748. 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)80835-2
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Graff Iv LG, Robinson D: Abdominal pain and emergency department evaluation.
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2001,19(1):123–136. 10.1016/S0733-8627(05)70171-1
Article
Google Scholar
Afilalo J, Marinovich A, Afilalo M, Colacone A, Leger R, Unger B, Giguere C: Nonurgent emergency department patient characteristics and barriers to primary care.
Acad Emerg Med 2004,11(12):1302–1310. 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2004.tb01918.x
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schroeder JS, Lamb IH, Hu M: The prehospital course of patients with chest pain: Analysis of the prodromal, symptomatic, decision-making, transportation and emergency room periods.
Am J Med 1978,64(5):742–748. 10.1016/0002-9343(78)90512-0
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reilly A, Dracup K, Dattolo J: Factors influencing prehospital delay in patients experiencing chest pain.
Am J Crit Care 1994,3(4):300–306.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McGinn AP, Rosamond WD, Goff DC, Taylor HA, Miles JS, Chambless L: Trends in prehospital delay time and use of emergency medical services for acute myocardial infarction: experience in 4 US communities from 1987–2000.
Am Heart J 2005,150(3):392–400. 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.03.064
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schroeder EB, Rosamond WD, Morris DL, Evenson KR, Hinn AR: Determinants of use of emergency medical services in a population with stroke symptoms: the Second Delay in Accessing Stroke Healthcare (DASH II) Study.
Stroke 2000,31(11):2591–2596. 10.1161/01.STR.31.11.2591
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Meischke H, Eisenberg MS, Larsen MP: Prehospital delay interval for patients who use emergency medical services: The effect of heart-related medical conditions and demographic variables.
Ann Emerg Med 1993,22(10):1597–1601. 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81267-3
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McConnel CE, Wilson RW: The demand for prehospital emergency services in an aging society.
Soc Sci Med 1998,46(8):1027–1031. 10.1016/S0277-9536(97)10029-6
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mock CN, Tiska M, Adu-Ampofo M, Boakye G: Improvements in prehospital trauma care in an African country with no formal emergency medical services.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2002,53(1):90–97. 10.1097/00005373-200207000-00018
Article
Google Scholar
Berglin B, Hartford M, Karlsson T, Herlitz J: Factors associated with pre-hospital and in-hospital delay time in acute myocardial infarction: a 6-year experience.
J Intern Med 1998,243(3):243–250. 10.1046/j.1365-2796.1998.00296.x
Article
Google Scholar
Hartford M, Herlitz J, Karlson BW, Risenfors M: Components of delay time in suspected acute myocardial infarction with particular emphasis on patient delay.
J Intern Med 1990,228(5):519–523. 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00272.x
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar